·構(gòu)成：由動詞原形加詞尾-ing構(gòu)成，與動名詞的構(gòu)成一致。

·與動名詞的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞與其所修飾的名詞在邏輯上具有主謂關(guān)系；動名詞則表示其修飾的名詞的性質(zhì)，二者在邏輯上無主謂關(guān)系。

e.g. a sleeping child(a child is sleeping) a sleeping car 臥車

·用法：用作表語，定語，狀語，補語

e.g. The news is encouraging.

She is a charming child.

Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.

I saw the naughty boy hitting the dog.

·現(xiàn)在分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)：現(xiàn)在分詞可有其獨立的邏輯主語。這種主語常常是名詞或代詞主語，置于現(xiàn)在分詞之前，二者構(gòu)成一種分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。

e.g. The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off.

Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow.

·構(gòu)成：規(guī)則動詞加ed，不規(guī)則動詞表

·用法：用作表語，定語，狀語，補語

e.g. He’s gone.

Did you pay a visit to the tomb of the unknown soldier?

Seen in the light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.

You must make yourself respected.

·過去分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)：過去分詞的獨立主語常由名詞或代詞主格擔(dān)任，一般置于過去分詞之前。

e.g. This done, we went home.

Given time, he would win by perseverance.

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